camera work

Shot type
Position
Angle
Composition
Depth of field
Movement

shot types:

• extreme long shot
• long shot
• medium long shot
• medium shot
• medium close up
• close up
• big close up
• extreme close up

Position

Camera is viewers eye in scene
the camera position also dictates the viewers relationship with the action or character in the scene.

Angles

• low angle
• high angle
• tilted angle (sometimes called 'dutch' or 'canted')
• birds eye view
• worms eye view
• eye level

Composition

rule of thirds

Depth of field

A frame's depth of field refers to the focal length

• deep focus: where a frame shows everything sharp or in focus
• selective focus: only certain things are in focus and the rest is blurred
• pull or 'rack' focus: when the focal point changes within the frame.

Movement

• pan
• tilt
• tracking
• crab
• crane
• handheld
• zoom lens

Basic camera angles

Over the shoulder shot:

views action or object of significance 

usually shows conversation

shot reverse shot

high angle:

confrontation

shows weakness

low angle:

shows power 

makes viewer feel vulnerable

Camera movement:

tracking shot:

shot using dolly or track and dolly

'track in' takes audience into action

'track out' - opposite

tilt:

up or down on axis

up - height or power - usually with point of view (p.o.v) shot

zoom:

alternative to tracking

changes focal length on camera

arc shot:

camera moves in circle or semi circle

see reactions of characters 

increases intensity

pan:

camera mounted on tripod

follows moving object - with p.o.v

crane:
attaches camera to crane
follows action in vertical direction

sideways track or crab:
follows movement
audience keeps pace with action

the 180 degree rule:
The camera is the viewer 

lighting: